'Note': It is (specially in Spanish and Italian) common use to represent the alveolar trill with [rr] and the alveolar flap with [r]. In Spanish, too, [jj] is used to represent the palatal fricative against the semivowel [j]. It has been proposed to use [4] for the alveolar flap, in which case [r] can be used to represent the trill (as its equivalent in the IPA system), and [j\\] for the palatal fricative, keeping in this way the policy of using one letter per one IPA symbol (The backslash is used to generate alternative symbols).
US English canyon, Spanish
año,
French oignion, Italian
gnocchi, Hungarian anyu
N
ŋ (n with downward right tail)
velar nasal
English singer, ring, Spanish blanco, manguera, Italian bianco, pongo, German lange Tagalog ngayón, ngongò
l
l
alveolar lateral
English left, Spanish largo, Italian lungo
L
ʎ turned down y, alt. λ (Greek lambda)
palatal lateral
Italian aglio, famiglia, Catalan
colla, Castilian Spanish cuello
5
ɫ (l with middle tilde)
velarized dental lateral
English milk (dark l), Catalan
alga
4 (r)
ɾ (r without upper-left serif)
alveolar flap
US English better, Spanish
pero, Italian essere
r (rr)
ɽ (r with serif)
alveolar trill
Spanish perro, rey, Italian arrivare, terra
r\\
ɹ (r rotate 180°)
alveolar approximant
British English run, very
R
ʀ (small capital R)
uvular trill
French rue, standard German
Reich, Farb
w
w
rounded back semivowel
English we, Frech oui,
Spanish hueso, Italian acqua, suono
H
ɥ (turned down h)
rounded front semivowel
French huit
j
j
unrounded front semivowel
English yes, Frech yeux,
German ja, Italian occhio, piove, Spanish pierna
(* The sounds of the spanish g in agua, b in cabo and d in cada are not represented by the symbols γ, β, δ, despite what the creators of the SAMPA may think. Those sounds are not even fricatives; see [1] - Spanish only)
SAMPA: simplified chart of
vowels (the paired signs are unrounded/rounded
vowels)
Front
Central
Back
Closed or high
i I
y Y
1
}
M
u
U
Half closed
e
2
@\\
8
@
7
o
Half open
E
9
3
3\\
6
V
O
Open or low
{
a
&
A
Q
Vowel modifiers:
[ ~, _~ ] after a vowel indicates that it is nasalised (e.g. French bon [bO~] ).
[ : ] after a vowel indicates that it is lengthened (e.g. Japanese shōshō [So:So:], English see [si:] ).
[ ` ] after a vowel indicates rhoticity (e.g. US English bird [b3`d] ).
